I was thinking about the transaction-per-call notes in Derctuo, and it occurred to me that an Emacs clone might be a fun testbed for some of the ideas in there, in particular the use of transactions to guarantee UI responsiveness without presenting a complicated programming model to ad-hoc editing scripts, and providing easier error recovery. If updating the screen, syntax-highlighting text, auto-indenting, and handling keystroke commands are each done in separate transactions, it should be easy to guarantee rapid screen updates, and even in some cases rapid keystroke commands.
The transaction write logging can maybe also be repurposed for undo, which is a pretty essential feature. Emacs’s local undo is one of the nicest things about Emacs.
Here is some of my view-lossage from Emacs while writing this note, to try to get a handle on which commands I use most and would therefore miss most if they were missing:
r e p a i n t i n g SPC t h e SPC s c r e e n M-q SPC
a n d SPC C-a M-d u p d a t i n g M-f M-f , SPC s y
<backspace> n <backspace> y n t a x - h i g h l i t
h <backspace> <backspace> g h t i n g SPC t e x t ,
C-x C-s C-e h a n d l i n g SPC k e y s t r o k e s
SPC a r e SPC d o n e SPC i n SPC s e p a r a t e M-q
SPC t r a n s a c t i o n s , SPC C-x C-s C-p C-e <backspace>
SPC c o m m n d s <backspace> <backspace> <backspace>
a n d s M-q M-f SPC e a c h C-x C-s C-e SPC t h e n
SPC C-x C-s <M-backspace> i t SPC s h o u l d SPC b
e SPC e a s y SPC t o SPC g u a r a n t e e M-q SPC
r a p i d SPC s c r e e n SPC u p d a t e s , SPC a
n d SPC p o s s i b l y SPC e v e n SPC r a p i d SPC
k e y s t r o k e SPC c o m m a n d M-b M-b M-b M-b
<M-backspace> M-f SPC i n SPC s o m e SPC c a s e s
C-e s . M-q C-x C-s M-> <return> <return> C-x C-s C-h
l C-x o C-SPC
M-< M-w C-x o C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g C-l C-o C-o C-x 1
H e r e SPC i s SPC s o m e SPC o f SPC m y SPC v i
e w - l o s s a g e SPC f r o m SPC E m a c s SPC w
h i l e SPC r u n <M-backspace> w r i t i n g SPC t
h i s SPC d o c u m e n <M-backspace> p a g e <M-backspace>
n o t e : C-x C-s C-h l C-x o C-p
C-M-v C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p
C-p C-s c - h SPC l C-r M-f C-f C-f C-f C-f C-SPC C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n M-w C-x o M-> SPC C-y M-^ M-^ M-^
M-^ M-^ M-^ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-f <return> C-x
C-x C-e C-f C-> C-x C-s C-x 1 M-v C-g M-{ M-{ C-n C-p
C-o <return> C-x C-s T h e SPC t r a n s a c t i o
n SPC w r i t e SPC l o g g i n g SPC c a n SPC a l
s o SPC b e SPC r e p u r p o s e d SPC t <backspace>
f o r SPC C-x C-s C-x b s h <return> C-d g r e p SPC
- i SPC q e m a c s SPC . . / d e r c u <tab> m a r
<tab> * <return> C-x C-f M-p M-p M-n <M-backspace>
<M-backspace> <M-backspace> <M-backspace> <M-backspace>
d e r c u <tab> m a r <tab> q e <tab> m <backspace>
a <tab> <return> C-x 3 C-x b C-s <return> C-h l
p e n d i n g SPC p r o p e r l y , SPC M - q SPC l
e a v i n g SPC y o u SPC i n p <backspace> SPC p l
a c e , M-q SPC r e i <backspace> d i s p l a y SPC
t h a t SPC i s n ' t SPC v i s i l <backspace> b l
y SPC s l o w SPC ( ! ) , SPC M - / , SPC c o n t r
l - b a c k s p a c e , M-q SPC M-b M-b M-f <backspace>
o l C-e c o m m a n d SPC <backspace> - g r a n u l
a r i t y SPC u n d o , M-q SPC p r e f i x SPC a r
g u m e n t s , SPC a n d SPC <M-backspace> <backspace>
<backspace> . M-b M-b a n d SPC C-e SPC S-SPC l s <backspace>
<backspace> A l s o SPC s o m e SPC t h i n g s SPC
I S-SPC u s e d SPC t h a t SPC d i c SPC <backspace>
<backspace> d SPC w o r k : M-q SPC C C-h k C-x C-e
C-x o q C-x o C-x o <backspace> g o t o - l i n e ,
SPC y a n k - p o p . M-b M-b <backspace> <backspace>
SPC a n d SPC C-e <backspace> SPC , s a y <M-backspace>
<backspace> , <backspace> <backspace> , SPC s a y .
M-q C-x C-s C-x 1 C-h l
C-x o C-x o C-x o M-< C-s C - h SPC l C-SPC
M-< M-w C-x o M-{ C-y C-x C-x C-> C-x C-s C-x 1 C-x
C-x C-o C-x C-s M-v M-{ M-{ M-{ M-{ M-{ M-} M-} C-p
M-f M-f M-f M-f M-f SPC m a y b e C-e u n d o , SPC
w h i c h SPC i s SPC p a <backspace> <backspace> a
SPC p r e t t y SPC e s s e n t i a l SPC f e a t u
r e . M-q SPC S-SPC E m a c ' <backspace> s ' s SPC
l o c a l SPC u n d o SPC i s SPC o n e SPC o f SPC
t h e SPC n e <backspace> i c e s t SPC t h i n g s
SPC a b o u t SPC E m a c s . M-' M-q C-x C-s <next>
<next> <prior> <prior> <prior> M-{ M-{ M-{ M-{ M-}
C-p C-x b t r a n C-g C-x C-f <M-backspace> <M-backspace>
d e r t <backspace> c t u <tab> m a r <tab> r a n <M-backspace>
t r a n s <tab> <return> C-x C-= C-= C-= <next> M-x
M-p <return> c d SPC . . / d e r c t u <tab> <return>
l s <return> f i r e f o <tab> SPC d e r c t <tab>
- 0 2 <tab> <tab> 1 / n o t <tab> t r a n s <tab> &
<return> C-x 1 C-x b <return> C-x b C-s <return> C-h
l
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
M-w C-x o M-> M-{ M-{ M-} C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g C-d C-x
C-s C-x 1 C-v M-} M-{ M-} C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-o M-{
C-p C-e <backspace> , SPC t o SPC t r y SPC t o SPC
g e t SPC a SPC h a n d l e SPC o n SPC w h i c h SPC
c o m m a n d SPC <backspace> s SPC I S-SPC u s e M-q
SPC m o s t SPC a n d SPC w o u l d SPC t h e r e f
o r e SPC m i s s SPC m o s t SPC i f SPC t h e y SPC
w e r e SPC m i s s i n g : M-q C-x C-s C-x 2 C-x C-f
<M-backspace> <M-backspace> d e v 3 / d e c o d e -
l <backspace> <backspace> l o s s a g e . p y <return>
# ! / u s r / b i n / p y t h o n 3 <return> " " <backspace>
<backspace> " " " D e c o d e SPC e m a c s SPC C-x
C-s C-h k C-h l C-x o v i e w - l o s s a g e . C-x
o C-x o C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-e C-b C-b
C-b <return> C-x o C-x o C-v C-v C-v C-v M-x o p e
n - d r i <tab> <return> l o s s a g e . <backspace>
M-b t m p . <return> C-h l
C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f C-f C-f C-SPC C-n C-n C-g
C-r C-r C-r M-< C-SPC M-> C-p C-p M-w C-x o C-x o M->
M-{ C-y C-x C-x C-> C-x C-x C-g C-x C-f t m p . l <tab>
<return> C-n C-n C-x k <return> C-x o q C-x o <backspace>
SPC o u t p u t . " " " <return> C-x C-s M-b M-b M-f
M-f SPC w i t h SPC a n SPC a s s u m e d SPC k e y
m a p C-x C-s M-x d e s c r i b - e <backspace> <backspace>
e - k e y <tab> m <tab> <backspace> <backspace> <backspace>
<backspace> c u r <tab> k e y <tab> m <backspace> <backspace>
<backspace> <backspace> m <M-backspace> <M-backspace>
m <tab> o d <tab> <return> C-x o C-x o C-x o C-v C-v
C-v M-v C-v C-v C-v C-v M-v M-v M-v q C-h l
M-< C-s C - h SPC l C-s C-x C-x C-g
C-x C-x C-g C-r C - h SPC <backspace> C-p C-p C-p C-p
C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-a C-p C-p C-f C-f C-SPC C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-e C-f M-w C-x
o C-x o C-y C-x C-x C-> C-x C-s C-x o q C-x o C-x o
C-x o C-g M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v C-x o C-e <return>
<return> w o r <M-backspace> d e f SPC w o r d s M-(
i n f i l e C-e : <return> <tab> f o r SPC l i n e
SPC i n SPC i n f M-/ : <return> <tab> f o r SPC w
o r d SPC i n SPC l i n e . s p l i t ( ) : <return>
<tab> y i e l d SPC w o r d <return> C-x C-s <return>
<return> i f SPC _ _ n a m e _ _ SPC = = SPC ' _ _
m a i n _ _ ' : <return> <tab> p r i n t ( l i s t
( w o r d s ( s y s . s t d i n ) ) ) M-< M-} C-o C-o
i m p r o <backspace> <backspace> o r t SPC s y s C-x
C-s C-h l
C-x o C-x o C-r C-e C-g C-x o C-r
C - h SPC l C-r M-f M-f C-f C-f C-SPC M-> C-p C-p M-w
C-x o C-x o M-} C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g C-x C-s C-d C-x
C-s C-x o q C-x o C-x b C-g M-x M-p C-g M-o C-g M-x
s h e l l <return> c d SPC . . / d e v 3 <return> p
y t h o n SPC d e c o d e l <tab> <return> C-x o C-x
b <return> M-{ C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o C-y C-d <return>
C-d <return> C-c C-d <return> C-d C-d C-c C-p C-v C-v
C-v C-v C-v C-v M-v C-h l
C-x o
C-x o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f M-f M-f M-b C-SPC C-n
C-n C-n C-e C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n M-w C-x o C-p C-n C-y
C-x C-x C-> C-l C-x C-s C-x 1 C-x C-x C-o C-f C-x C-s
C-x 2 C-x b C-s C-s <return> M-} M-} C-o <return> p
r e f i x e s SPC = SPC ( ' C - x ' M-b C-b C-b C-b
( C-e , ) M-b C-b C-b C-b C-b <backspace> [ C-e SPC
( ' C - c ' , ) , SPC C-x C-s C-x o M-v <prior> <prior>
<prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> <next>
<next> C-x o ( ' E S S <S-backspace> C ' ) <backspace>
, ' <backspace> ) ) <backspace> ] C-f C-s C-g C-x C-s
C-n C-n C-n C-o C-k C-o <tab> m a i n ( s y s s <backspace>
. s t d i n ) C-f C-k C-k C-p C-p C-p C-o C-o d e f
SPC m a i n ( i n p u t ) <backspace> <backspace> <backspace>
<backspace> f i l e ) : <return> C-y C-k C-x C-s M-x
c o m p C-g C-x o M-v M-v C-v C-n C-SPC C-v C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n M-w C-x o M-x M-p <return> M-> C-p M->
M-p M-p <return> C-y C-/ C-x b <return> C-r ) SPC C-f
, C-x C-s C-x g q C-h l
C-r C-r <return> M-> C-r C
- h SPC l C-r C-f M-f M-f C-SPC M-> C-p C-e C-p C-e
C-p C-e M-w C-x o C-x o M-} C-y C-x C-x C-> C-d C-x
C-x C-o C-x C-s C-x o q C-x b <return> M-p <return>
C-x o C-f C-SPC M-2 M-0 C-p M-w C-x o C-y <return>
C-d C-d C-x o C-h l
C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r
C-r C-r M-f M-f M-f M-b M-f C-SPC C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
M-w C-x o C-x o M-} C-y C-x C-x C-> C-d C-x C-s C-x
o C-x o C-x o C-x b C-g C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-o
C-x C-s C-x o C-x o C-x 3 C-x b <return> C-n C-n <return>
w <backspace> <tab> f o r SPC w o r d SPC i n SPC M-d
M-d C-d C-e <backspace> <backspace> : <return> C-p
C-o <tab> p r e f i x SPC = SPC ( ) C-n C-n C-e <tab>
C-x C-s p r e f i x SPC = SPC p r f <backspace> e f
i x SPC + S-SPC <M-backspace> <backspace> <backspace>
+ = SPC ( w o r d , ) <return> <tab> i f SPC p r e
f i x SPC n o t SPC i n SPC p r e f i x e : <backspace>
s : <return> <tab> p r i n t ( p r e f i x ) M-b '
SPC ' . j o i n ( C-e ) <return> <tab> p r e f i x
SPC = SPC ( ) C-x C-s C-h l
C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f
M-f C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o C-y C-x C-x C->
C-d C-x C-s C-v C-x o C-x o C-f C-p C-p C-p C-n C-n
C-n C-o <tab> <backspace> <backspace> p r i n t ( '
SPC ' . j o i n ( p r e f i x ) ) C-a C-o C-x C-s C-x
o M-p M-p <return> M-p M-p <return> C-d C-d M-v M-v
M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r [
C-d { C-e <backspace> } C-x C-s <return> <return> c
m d s SPC = SPC { <backspace> <backspace> <backspace>
<backspace> t r SPC SPC <backspace> = SPC ' ' ' <return>
C - v SPC C-h k C-v s c r o l l - u p <return> M -
v SPC s c r o l l - d o w n C-h f <return> C-p C-p
C-p C-p C-e C-b , SPC ( ' C - h , <backspace> ' , )
C-x C-s C-x o C-x o C-x o C-x o C-n C-n C-n C-n <return>
C - h SPC l SPC v i e w - l o s s a g e <return> C-x
C-s C - x SPC o SPC o t h e r - w i n d o w C-h f <return>
<return> C - r SPC i s e a r c - b a <backspace> <backspace>
<backspace> h - b a c k w a r d C-h f <return> <return>
' ' ' C-x C-s C-h l
C-h f <return> C-h k M-w <M-backspace> <M-backspace>
<M-backspace> <M-backspace> k i l l - r i n g - s a
v e C-x C-s <return> C - p SPC p r e v i o u s - l
n e C-x C-s <backspace> <backspace> i n e C-x C-s <return>
C - y SPC y a n k C-h f <return> <return> C - x SPC
C - x SPC C-h k C-x C-x e x c h a M-/ C-x C-s C-h k
C-x 1 <return> d e <backspace> <backspace> C - x SPC
1 SPC d e l e t e - o t M-/ - w M-/ <M-backspace> w
i n d o w s C-x C-s C-n <return> c m d s SPC = SPC
{ w o r d [ <backspace> s [ M-b ' SPC ' . j o i n (
C-e : - 1 ] ) : S-SPC w o r d s [ - 1 ] <return> <tab>
f o r SPC l i n e SPC i n SPC C-p C-a C-o C-n C-n C-e
c m d s M-/ . s p l i t ( \ <backspace> ' \ n ' ( <backspace>
) <return> <tab> f o r SPC w o r d s SPC 9 <backspace>
i n SPC [ l i n e . s p l i t ( ) ] <return> <tab>
f o r SPC <M-backspace> i f SPC C-x o M-> p y t h o
n 3 <return> ' \ n ' . s p l i t ( ) <return> M-p M-b
M-b C-b SPC <return> C-x o w C-g C-/ C-x o C-x o w
o r d s } C-x C-s C-h l
C-x o C-x
o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-< C-f C-f C-SPC M-> C-p C-p M-w
C-x o C-x o C-x o C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g C-x C-s C-x C-x
C-g C-x o C-x o C-f C-v C-n C-l C-n C-n C-o <tab> c
m d SPC = SPC M-d C-d C-e <backspace> <return> C-k
C-n C-o <tab> i f SPC <M-backspace> p r i n t ( p r
e f i x , SPC c m d s . g e t ( p r e f i x , SPC '
s e l f - i n s e r t - c o m m a n d ) <backspace>
' ) ) C-x C-s C-x o C-d M-p M-p M-p M-p M-p <return>
M-p M-p M-p M-p M-p <return> C-d C-c C-p C-v C-x o
C-x o C-x o C-a M-f M-f <M-backspace> c m d M-f M-f
M-f <M-backspace> c m d s <backspace> C-x C-s C-x o
M-> C-d M-p M-p <return> M-p M-p <return> C-d C-c C-c
C-c C-p C-v <next> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down>
<down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down>
<down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> C-x o C-x
o C-h l
C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f M-f C-SPC M-> C-p
C-p M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o C-y C-x C-x C-> C-d C-x C-s
C-x o C-x o M-{ C-x C-s C-p C-p C-p C-p C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-p C-p
C-e M-b M-b M-b M-d M-d M-d ? ? ? C-x C-s C-x o M->
M-p M-p <return> M-p M-p <return> C-d C-d C-c C-p C-v
C-v C-v C-l C-x o C-x o C-x o C-h k C-> M-v C-l C-n
C-n C-n C-o C - > SPC i n d e n t i <backspace> - r
i g i d l y - 4 <return> C - l SPC C-h k C-l r e c
e n t e r - t o p - b o t t o m C-x C-s <return> C
- x SPC C s - <backspace> <backspace> - s SPC C-h k
C-x C-s s a v e - b u f f e r C-x C-s <return> C -
o SPC C-h k C-o o p e n - l i n e <return> C - f SPC
C-h k C-f f o r w a r d - c h a r C-x C-s C-h k C-x
2 <return> C - x SPC 2 SPC s p l i t - w i n d M-/
<backspace> - M-/ M-/ <M-backspace> v e r M-/ <backspace>
t i c a l l y C-x C-s C-h l
C-x o C-x
o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f M-f C-SPC M-> M-p C-p C-p
M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o M-} C-y C-x C-x C-> C-d C-x C-s
C-x o C-x o <return> C - s SPC i e <backspace> s e
a r c h - f o r w a r d C-h k C-s C-h k <return> <return>
< r e t u r n > S-SPC n e w l i n e C-x C-s C-h k M-}
<return> f o r w a r d - p a r a g r a p h C-a M -
} S-SPC C-x C-s C-M-v C-v C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-o <return> f o r SPC c h r SPC i n SPC <backspace>
<backspace> <backspace> <backspace> <backspace> <backspace>
<backspace> _ c SPC i n SPC r a n g e ( 3 3 , SPC 1
2 7 ) : <return> <tab> c m d s [ c ] SPC = SPC ' s
e l f - i n s e r t - c o m m a n d ' C-x C-s C-h
l C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r C-r M-f
M-f M-f C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o M-} C-y C-x
C-x C-d C-x C-x C-> C-f C-g C-x C-s C-x o C-x o C-x
o M-> M-p M-p <return> M-p C-x o C-x o C-x o C-a M-f
C-f _ C-x C-s C-x o <return> M-p M-p M-p <return> C-d
C-c C-c C-x o C-x o C-x o C-b c h r ( C-f C-f ) C-x
C-s C-x o M-p M-p <return> M-p M-p <return> C-d C-c
C-c C-c C-p C-v C-v <next> C-h k C-x b C-x o C-x o
C-x o M-< C-v M-} C-p C-o C - x SPC b SPC i s w i t
c h - b u <backspace> <backspace> <backspace> b - b
u f f e r C-x C-s <return> S P C SPC C-h k SPC s e
l f - i n s e r t - c o m m a n d C-x C-s C-M-v <return>
C - b SPC b a c k w a r d - c h a r C-x C-s C-h k C-v
C-h k C-b C-h l C-x
o C-x o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f M-f C-SPC M-> C-p
C-p M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o C-p C-y C-x C-x C-d M-^ C-n
C-a C-SPC M-} C-> C-g C-x C-s M-v C-x o C-x o C-M-v
<return> < p r i o r > S-SPC s c r o l l - u p C-h
k <prior> <backspace> <backspace> d o w n C-x C-s <return>
< n e x t > S-SPC s c r o l l - u p C-h k <next> C-M-v
C-h k <S-backspace> <return> < S - b a k c p s <backspace>
<backspace> <backspace> <backspace> c k s p a c e >
SPC p <backspace> C-x o C-h k <S-backspace> C-x o C-h
k <S-backspace> C-x o C-x o d e l e t e - b a c k w
a r d - c h a r C-x C-s <return> C - g SPC q u i t
C-h k C-g M-b k e y b o a d <backspace> r d - C-x C-s
C-e <return> H <backspace> C-h k C-k C - k SPC k i
l l - l i n e C-x C-s <return> C-h k <tab> < t a b
> S-SPC i n d e n t - f o r - t a b - c o m m a n C-h
C-g d C-x C-s C-h l C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f M-f C-SPC
M-} M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o M-} C-p C-e SPC C-y C-x C-x
C-d C-x C-x C-x C-x C-n C-e C-a C-> C-x C-s C-v M-}
C-x o C-x o C-M-v C-h k <backspace> C-x o C-h k <backspace>
C-x o C-x o C-x o C-p C-p C-p C-a C-k C-k C-y C-y C-p
M-f M-f M-b <M-backspace> C-x C-s C-h l C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f M-f C-SPC
C-SPC M-} C-x C-x M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o C-p C-e C-y
C-x C-x C-n C-a C-n C-> C-x C-s C-n C-g C-x o C-x o
C-M-v C-M-v C-h k M-x C-n C-n C-n C-e <return> M -
x SPC e x e c u t e - e x t e n d e d - c o m m a n
d C-x C-s C-M-v C-h k M-p C-x o C-h k M-p C-x o C-x
o C-x o <return> M - p SPC c o m i n t - p r e v i
o u s - i n p u t C-x C-s <return> C - / SPC u n d
o C-h l C-h k M-/ C-h k C-/ <return> M - / SPC d a
b b r e v - e x p a n d C-x C-s C-h l
C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r C-r C-r C-r M-f C-f C-f C-f C-f
C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-e C-y C-x C-x C-x C-x C-x C-x C-n C-f C-> C-g C-x
C-s C-x C-x C-x C-x C-g C-u C-SPC C-u C-SPC C-u C-SPC
C-u C-SPC C-x o C-x o C-h k C-x g <return> C - x SPC
g SPC m a g i t - s t a t u s C-x C-s C-M-v C-x o M->
M-p M-p <return> M-p M-p <return> C-d C-c C-c C-h k
M-> C-x o C-x o C-x o <return> M - > S-SPC e n d -
o f - b u f f e r C-x C-s C-x o C-r ? ? C-r C-r M->
C-x o C-x o C-h l
C-r C-r <return> C-r c - h SPC l C-r C-n
C-a C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o M-} C-y C-x C-x
C-> C-g C-x C-s C-x o C-x o C-v C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-o <tab> f r e
q s SPC = SPC { } C-f C-n C-x C-s C-n C-p C-p C-o C-n
C-x C-s C-n C-n C-n C-p C-n C-n C-n C-n C-o <tab> M-{
C-o <tab> u n k o n w n s <backspace> <M-backspace>
u n k n o w n s SPC = SPC s e t ( ) M-} M-} C-p C-o
<tab> C-a C-k C-n C-o <tab> i f SPC c m d SPC i n SPC
c m d s : <return> <tab> f r e q <M-backspace> n a
m e SPC = SPC c m d C-p C-p C-p C-n C-n C-n C-p C-p
M-b C-M-S-SPC C-M-S-SPC C-M-S-SPC C-w n a m e C-p <return>
<tab> n a m e SPC = SPC C-y C-n C-n C-a k <tab> i M-b
C-k i f SPC n a m e SPC n o t SPC i n SPC f r e q s
: <return> <tab> f r e q s [ n a m e ] SPC = SPC 0
<return> <tab> <backspace> f r e q s [ n a m e ] S-SPC
+ = SPC 1 C-f C-k <return> <tab> i f SPC n a m e SPC
= <M-backspace> c m d SPC n o t SPC i n SPC c m d s
: <return> <tab> u n k n o w n s . a d d ( c m d )
C-h l
C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f
M-f C-SPC M-> C-p C-p M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o M-} C-y
C-x C-x C-> C-d C-x C-s C-x o C-x o C-f C-k C-x C-s
C-n C-n C-o <return> <tab> f o r SPC n a m e SPC i
n SPC s o r t e d ( f r e q s . k e y s ( ) , SPC k
e y = f r e q s . g e t M-b C-e , SPC r e v e r s e
= T r e u e ) <backspace> <backspace> <backspace> <backspace>
u e ) : <return> <tab> p r i n t ( n a m e M-b ' %
8 d SPC % s ' SPC % S-SPC ( f r e q s [ n a m e , SPC
<backspace> <backspace> ] , SPC C-e ) ) <return> <return>
<tab> p <backspace> <backspace> p r i n t ( " u n k
n o w n s : " " <backspace> , SPC " , SPC " , <backspace>
. j o i n ( u n k M-/ ) ) C-x C-s C-h l
C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-f M-f M-f
C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o M-} C-y C-x C-x C->
C-d C-x C-s C-x o C-x o C-x o M-p M-p <return> M-p
M-p <return> C-d C-d M-v C-x o C-x o C-x o C-r r e
v M-d M-d <backspace> <backspace> C-x C-s C-x o C-x
o M-} C-SPC M-{ M-w C-x o C-x o C-x o M-> M-p M-n C-x
o C-x o C-x M-< C-g C-x o M-< C-n C-n C-o f r o m SPC
_ - f u t u r <M-backspace> <backspace> _ f u r u t
<backspace> <backspace> <backspace> t u r e _ _ S-SPC
i m p o r t SPC p r i n t _ f u n c t i o n C-x C-s
C-x o M-p M-p <return> C-x o C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o C-x
o C-x o C-y <return> C-d C-d M-v C-v C-h l
k C-d C-x o C-x o C-x o C-x o C-x o C-x o C - d SPC
d e l e t e - c h a r C-h k C-a <return> C - a SPC
m o v e - b e g M-/ - M-/ o f - l i n e C-x C-s C-h
k S-SPC <return> S - S P C SPC s e l f M-/ <return>
C - w SPC k i l l - r e g i o n C-h f <return> C-x
C-s <return> C-h k C-x C-f C - x SPC C - f SPC f i
n d - f i l e <return> C - x SPC C - e SPC C-h k C-z
C-h k C-x C-r C-h k C-x C-e e v a l - l a s t - s e
x p <return> C-x C-s C - u SPC C-h k C-u u n i v e
f s <backspace> <backspace> r s a l - a r g u m e n
t C-x C-s C-h k C-c C-d C-x o C-h k C-c C-d C-x o C-x
o C-x o <return> C - c SPC C - d SPC c o m i n t -
s e n d - e o f <return> C-x C-s M - < S-SPC C-h k
M-< b e g i n M-/ - f M-/ <M-backspace> o M-/ - M-/
M-/ C-x C-s <return> C-h k C-c C-c C-x o C-h k C-c
C-c C-x o C-x o C-x o C - c SPC C - c SPC c o m i n
t - i n t e r r u p t - s u b j o b C-h l
C-x C-s C-x o C-x o C-r C-r C-r M-< C-SPC M-} M-w C-x
o M-} C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g C-x C-s C-x o <return> C-h
k M-0 M - 0 SPC d i g i t - a r g u m e n t <return>
<f3> M - <f4> <backspace> <backspace> <backspace> <f3>
<return> M - <f3> SPC d i g i t - a r g u m e n t <f4>
<f4> <f4> <f4> <f4> <f4> <f4> <f4> <f4> <f4> C-a C-p
C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-k C-k C-SPC M-}
C-p M-w C-y C-x C-x M-% M - <return> C - <return> !
C-x C-s C-h l
s - p r o m p t <return> C-x C-s C-h k M-( M - ( SPC
i n s e r t - p a r e n t h e s e s C-x C-s <return>
C - x SPC k C-h k C-x k SPC k i l l - b u f f e C-x
C-s <return> <backspace> r <return> C - x SPC C = <backspace>
- = SPC C-h k C-x C-= t e x t - s c a l e - a d j u
s t C-x C-s <return> M - ^ SPC C-h k M-^ d e l e t
e - i n d e n t a t i o n C-x C-s C-h k <down> <return>
< d o w n > S-SPC n e x t - l i n e C-x C-s <return>
C-h k C-x 3 C - x SPC 3 SPC s p l i t - w i n d M-/
- h o r i z o n t a l l y C-x C-s C-h k C-= C-x o C-x
o C-x o M-} C-r C - = C-h k C-M-v C-g C-h k C-M-v C-x
o <return> C - M - v SPC s c r o l l - o t h e r -
w i n d o w C-x C-s C-h k M-' <return> M - ' SPC s
m a r t - a p o s t r o p h e C-x C-s <return> < M
- B <backspace> b a c k s p a c e S-SPC <backspace>
> S-SPC C-h k <M-backspace> b a c k w M-/ - M-/ M-/
M-/ <return> C-h k M-{ C-h l
C-M-v C-g C-h k C-M-v C-x o <return> C - M - v SPC
s c r o l l - o t h e r - w i n d o w C-x C-s C-h k
M-' <return> M - ' SPC s m a r t - a p o s t r o p
h e C-x C-s <return> < M - B <backspace> b a c k s
p a c e S-SPC <backspace> > S-SPC C-h k <M-backspace>
b a c k w M-/ - M-/ M-/ M-/ <return> C-h k M-{ C-h
l C-x o C-x o C-SPC C-r C-r C-g C-SPC C-g C-r c - h
SPC l C-r M-{ C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g
C-x o C-h k M-{ M - { S-SPC b a c k w a r d - p a r
a g r a p h C-x C-s <return> C - h SPC f SPC d e s
c r i b e - f u n c t i o n <return> C - h SPC k SPC
d e s c r i b e - k e y <return> M - q SPC f i l l
- p a r a g r a p h C-h k M-q C-x C-s <return> M -
o SPC C-h k M-o C-g C-g s h e l l C-x C-s <return>
C-h k M-n C-x o C-h k M-n C-x o C-x o C-x o M - n SPC
c o m i n t - n e x t - i n p u t <return> M - d C-h
k M-d SPC k i l l - w o r d C-x C-s C-h k C-g C-h
l
C-x o C-x o C-r C-r <return> C-r c - SPC h <backspace>
<backspace> h SPC l l l <backspace> <backspace> M-<
C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o M-} C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g C-x C-s
C-x o C-x o C-x o C-x o M-} C-SPC M-{ M-w C-x o C-x
o M-> M-p M-p <return> C-y <return> C-d C-d C-x o C-x
o C-x o C-h k C-h C-g C-h k C-x M-< C-h k C-x C-r C-h
k <f3> <return> < f 3 > S-SPC k m a c r o - s t a r
M-/ <backspace> <backspace> - M-/ m a c r o - o r -
i n s e r t - c o u n t e r <return> M - S-SPC <backspace>
% C-h k M-% SPC q u e r y - r e p l a c e <return>
< f 4 > S-SPC C-h k <f4> k m a c r o - e n d - o r
- c a l l - m a c r o C-x C-s C-h l
t a l , SPC C-x C-s M-x M-p <return> M-> M-p M-p <return>
M-p M-p <return> C-d C-d M-v C-x 2 C-x b C-s <return>
M-} <return> S o m e SPC n o t e s SPC o n SPC f r
e q u e n c i e s SPC o f SPC c o m m a M-b M-b M-b
m o s t SPC c o m m o n C-k SPC c o m m a n d SPC f
r e q u e n c i e s : <return> <return> C-x C-s C-x
o M-v C-p C-p C-p C-SPC C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-v C-v C-v M-v M-v C-p M-v C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n M-w C-x o C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g C-x C-s
C-v C-x 1 C-l M-{ C-p C-e <backspace> . SPC S-SPC O
u t SPC o f SPC C-x C-s C-x b <return> M-> C-x b <return>
5 8 8 2 SPC c o m a <backspace> m a n d s SPC r e c
o r d e d SPC a b o v e SPC a n d SPC <backspace> SPC
s u c c s s <backspace> <backspace> e s s f u l l y
M-q d e c o d <backspace> <backspace> <backspace> <backspace>
<backspace> SPC d e o c <backspace> <backspace> c o
d e d , SPC t h e s e SPC C-f C-n C-SPC M-} M-= C-g
M-{ C-p C-e 2 4 SPC c a <backspace> <backspace> a c
c o u n t SPC f o r SPC C-v C-l M-( M-: M-( * S-SPC
5 8 8 2 SPC . 9 <return> C-/ C-h l
s SPC o b v i o u s l y SPC i s n ' t SPC e v e r y
t h i n g SPC e s s e n t i a l ; SPC M-' C-x C-s i
t ' s SPC m i s s i n g , SPC a m o n g SPC t h e r
SPC t h i n g M-b M-b o C-e s , SPC f i n d - f i l
e SPC a n d M-q SPC C-x C-s <M-backspace> <backspace>
, SPC C-r k i l l C-g C-x b C-s <return> M-v C-l C-x
b <return> y a n k , SPC k i l l - r i n g - s a v
e SPC M-( t h e SPC n e w SPC c o p y - r e g M-/ i
o n - a s k <backspace> - k i l l C-e . C-x C-s C-x
b <return> C-x b <return> <backspace> , SPC C-h k M-:
e v a l - e x p r e s s i o n , M-q SPC C-x C-s C-x
1 M-v <down> <down> C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-l C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-e M-{ M-{ M-{ C-n C-n
M-f M-f M-f M-f M-b ( <backspace> M-f M-f M-f SPC b
y SPC a SPC j a n k y SPC e r r o <M-backspace> u n
r e l i a b l e SPC c <backspace> s c r i p t M-q M-f
<backspace> <backspace> SPC f l l o w i n g <M-backspace>
f l <M-backspace> <backspace> s e C-x C-s C-h l
C-x o C-r C - h SPC l
M-< C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o M-{ C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g C-v
M-} C-n C-n M-b M-d C-d M-f SPC o f SPC t h e M-q C-x
C-s C-x 1 C-v C-l C-x b C-s <return> <down> <up> <up>
<up> <up> C-x b <return> C-x b <return> <down> <down>
<down> <down> <down> <down> <S-down> <S-down> <S-up>
C-g C-x 2 C-x b <return> M-} C-n C-p C-n M-f M-f M-f
M-f M-f M-f M-f M-f M-f C-o C-o SPC s u c h SPC b a
s i c s SPC a s SPC f o r w a r d - c h a r , M-d M-d
M-d C-d M-q C-n C-x o C-s e x t C-g C-x o C-e SPC n
d SPC e M-b M-b a C-e x e c u t e - e x t e n d e d
- c o m m a n d . C-r M - n C-r C-r C-r C-x C-f C-h
k M-n q C-g C-x b <return> M-v M-v C-r M - n M-f C-f
C-f C-f C-k n e x t - h i s t o r y - e l e m e n t
C-r M - p M-f C-f C-f C-f C-k C-x C-f C-h k M-p q C-g
p r e v i o u s - h i s t o r y - e l e m e n t C-x
C-s C-x b <return> C-x 1 C-v C-v C-v C-h l
C-x o C-r C-r M-> C-r c - h SPC l C-r M-f M-f
M-f C-SPC M-} M-w C-x o M-} C-y C-x C-x C-> C-d C-l
C-v C-x C-s M-} M-} M-} C-x C-x C-g C-x o C-x b <return>
C-u C-SPC C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-v C-l C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-o <tab> u s e
d _ k e y s SPC = SPC { } <return> <tab> C-a C-k C-x
C-s C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-o C-o <tab> <backspace> C-a C-k C-o <tab>
<backspace> i f SPC c h d <backspace> <backspace> m
d SPC n o t SPC i n SPC u s M-/ : C-a C-o C-n C-e <return>
<tab> C-p M-b M-d n a m e C-n <tab> u s e M-/ [ n a
m e ] S-SPC = SPC c m d C-f C-k C-x C-s C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-e C-a M-f M-f M-f M-f SPC ( e . g . ,
SPC % s ) C-e C-b C-b , SPC u s M-/ [ n a m e ] C-e
C-x C-s C-h l
C-x o C-r C-r C-r
M-f M-f C-f C-f C-SPC M-} M-w C-x b <return> C-y C-x
C-x C-d C-x C-x C-> C-g C-x C-s C-SPC M-{ M-w M-x M-p
<return> M-> M-p M-p <return> C-y <return> C-d C-d
C-h k <S-up> C-x o C-x b C-s <return> M-v C-l C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-o M - : S-SPC e v a l C-h k M-:
- e x p r e s s i o n C-x o C-x 2 C-x b C-s <return>
C-x o C-x o <return> < S - d o w n > S-SPC C-a C-k
C-k C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p
C-p C-p C-p C-p C-y C-p C-p C-e C-n n e x t - l n e
<backspace> <backspace> i n e C-x C-s C-r u p C-a C-r
C-r C-v C-s C-s C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-y C-p C-e <M-backspace>
u p S-SPC <S-backspace> > SPC p r e v M-/ - M-/ M-/
<M-backspace> <M-backspace> C-h k <up> p r e v i o
u s - l i n e <return> < u p > SPC p r e v M-/ - M-/
C-x C-s C-h l
t SPC C-x C-s i f SPC y o u SPC h a v e SPC C-a C-k
T h i s SPC i s SPC p r o b a b l y SPC m o s t SPC
o f SPC w h a t SPC C-a C-k S o SPC w i t h SPC t h
o s e SPC c o m m a n d s , SPC y o u ' d SPC h a v
e SPC <M-backspace> <M-backspace> <M-backspace> i f
SPC m y SPC c u r r e n t SPC e d i t i n g SPC s e
s s i o n SPC w e r e SPC t y p i c a l SPC M-( w h
i c h SPC i t SPC p r o b a b l y SPC i s n ' t M-'
C-e , SPC M-q SPC y o u ' d SPC <M-backspace> <M-backspace>
I ' d SPC r u n SPC M-' i n t o SPC a C-p C-a M-f M-d
SPC i f SPC y o u SPC h a d M-f M-f SPC i m p l e m
e n t e d C-a M-f M-f M-d SPC I M-q C-n C-e C-x s SPC
C-p M-b C-n C-e SPC m i s s i n g SPC s t a i r SPC
o <backspace> a b o u t SPC o n c e SPC o u t SPC o
f SPC e v e r y SPC 1 0 0 SPC c h a r a c t e r <M-backspace>
k e y s t r o k e s . M-q C-x C-s C-h l
m a j o r i t y SPC o f SPC m y SPC k y <backspace>
e y s t r o k e s , SPC M-l M-q C-x C-s C-l C-l C-l
<next> <prior> <down> C-e M-b M-b M-b M-b a n d SPC
h a v i n g SPC h <backspace> j u s t SPC t h e s e
SPC i m p l e m e n t e d SPC o u <M-backspace> w o
u l d SPC m a k e SPC s o m e t h i n g SPC " f e e
l SPC l i k e SPC a n SPC E m a c s " , SPC M-" M-"
M-q C-x C-s <next> <next> <up> <next> <prior> <prior>
<prior> M-> <backspace> , SPC b u t SPC i t SPC s e
e m s SPC l i k e SPC i f SPC I S-SPC i m p l e m e
n t e d SPC * m y * S-SPC M-q SPC i <backspace> s t
a n <M-backspace> m o s t SPC u s e d SPC E m a c s
SPC c o m m a n d s SPC i n s t e a d SPC o f SPC B
e l l a r d ' s , SPC M-' t h e SPC s e t SPC w o u
l d SPC b e SPC e v e n SPC s m a l l e r . M-b M-b
M-b M-b t o SPC g e t SPC t o SPC c o m f o r t SPC
M-q C-x C-s <next> <prior> <prior> <prior> C-h l
C-n C-h f <return> C-n C-h f <return> C-n C-n C-n C-n
M-f M-f M-f C-h f <return> C-n C-h f <return> C-n C-h
f <return> C-p C-h f <return> C-n C-h f <return> C-x
0 a n d SPC d o d <backspace> w n c a s e - w o r d
SPC ( ! ? ) . M-q C-x C-s C-x 1 C-l C-p C-p C-p C-p
C-p M-b M-b <M-backspace> <M-backspace> m o s t SPC
M-q C-x C-s <prior> <next> C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n M-f M-f M-f M-f SPC E m a <M-backspace>
G N U S-SPC E m a c s SPC i m p l e m e n t s SPC m
o s t M-f M-f M-f M-d M-d M-d C-e M-f M-f C-a M-d M-d
M-d <backspace> M-q M-> C-x C-s C-h f r e c e n t e
r <return> C-x 1 <backspace> S-SPC S-SPC S o m e SPC
o f SPC t h e m SPC <backspace> , SPC l i k e SPC r
e c e n M-/ , M-q SPC a r e SPC t h i n SPC L i s p
SPC v e n e e r s SPC o n SPC t o p SPC o f SPC b u
i l t - <M-backspace> p r i m i t i v e SPC f u n c
t i o n s SPC l i k e SPC r e c e n t e r . M-b M-b
M-d s u c h SPC a s M-q M-> C-x C-s <prior> <prior>
<prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> <prior>
<prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> C-h
l C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-n C-a M-f
, SPC c o n f l i c t i n g SPC w i t h SPC C-x b <return>
M-> <return> | a <tab> b <M-right> <M-S-right> x <S-up>
<S-right> <S-left> <S-up> C-a C-p C-p C-k C-k C-k C-k
C-k C-x C-s C-x b <return> s h i f t - s e l e c t
i o n SPC a n d SPC s o m e SPC o r g - m o d e SPC
b i n d i n g s M-q C-x C-s C-x C-s C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-n M-} C-o <return> T h e r e ' s SPC a SPC t h i
n g SPC c a l l e d SPC [ A c e SPC J u m p ] [ 2 ]
<return> <return> [ 2 ] : SPC C-y C-p C-p C-e SPC w
h i c h SPC l e t s SPC y o u SPC j u m p SPC t o SPC
t e x t SPC b y SPC s e a <M-backspace> t y p i n g
SPC i t , SPC e v e n SPC i f SPC i t ' s SPC i n SPC
a n o t h e r SPC w i n d o w M-' . M-q C-x C-s <backspace>
, SPC s i m M-' <M-backspace> s o r t SPC o f SPC l
i k e SPC m o v i n g SPC b y SPC i n c r e m e n t
a l SPC s e a r c h . M-q C-x C-s C-h l
i g n SPC w i t h SPC <M-backspace> w i t h SPC t h
e SPC d i s p l a y SPC d i v i d e d SPC i n t o M-q
SPC v e r t i c a l SPC " t r a c k " S-SPC e a c <M-backspace>
<backspace> <backspace> s " S-SPC e a c h SPC d i v
i d e d SPC i n t o SPC h o r i z o n t a l SPC " w
i n d o w s " M-q M-" M-" M-" M-" SPC m i <backspace>
<backspace> <backspace> C-e SPC m i g h t SPC b e SPC
a SPC C-x C-s <M-backspace> <M-backspace> p r o v i
d e SPC s i m p l e r SPC a n d SPC m o r e SPC p r
e d i c t a b l e SPC b e a v <backspace> <backspace>
h a v i o r . M-q C-x C-s <backspace> SPC t h a n SPC
t h e SPC t r a d <M-backspace> m <backspace> S m t
a l l t <M-backspace> S m a l l t a l k - s t y l e
SPC o v e r a l <backspace> <backspace> l a p p i n
g SPC w i n d o w s . C-x C-s M-> C-p C-p C-p M-b M-b
<M-backspace> <M-backspace> w o n d e r SPC i f SPC
M-q M-> C-x C-s M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v M-v
M-v M-v <next> <next> <next> <next> <next> <next> <next>
<next> <prior> <prior> <down> C-h l C-x
o C-r C - h SPC l M-> C-SPC C-p C-p C-SPC M-< M-w C-x
o M-{ M-{ C-y C-x C-x C-> C-g C-x C-s M-{ C-x 1 M-{
M-{ M-{ M-{ M-{ M-{ <next> <next> <next> <next> <next>
<next> <next> <next> <next> <next> <next> <next> <next>
<next> <next> <next> <next> <next> <next> <next> <next>
<next> <prior> <prior> <next> <next> <next> <next>
<prior> <prior> <prior> <prior> <next> C-x b p y <return>
C-f C-SPC M-v M-v M-{ C-n C-n M-= C-g C-x 2 C-x b <return>
M-> M-v M-v C-v M-v M-v M-v M-} C-o <return> I SPC
u s e d SPC t h i s SPC t a b l e SPC t o SPC g e n
e r a t e SPC t h e SPC b o <M-backspace> <M-backspace>
t h e SPC a b o v e : M-b M-b M-b M-b o f SPC 9 9 SPC
k e y b i n d i n g s SPC C-x C-s C-x o C-SPC C-v C-v
C-v C-v C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-n M-w C-x o C-e <return> <return> C-y C-x C-x C->
C-g C-x C-s C-x C-x C-k C-x C-x M-| s o r t <return>
C-x C-x C-u M-| M-p <return> C-h l
C-x C-> C-x C-x C-o C-r C - h SPC l C-l C-l C-l C-x
C-x C-r C-r C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-g C-p
C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p M-f M-f C-f C-f C-SPC
C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p M-b M-b M-b C-w C-x C-s C-h
k M-| M-} C-x o C-x b C-s <return> C-o M - | SPC s
h e l l - c o m M-/ <backspace> <backspace> <backspace>
m M-/ - M-/ <M-backspace> o n - r e g i n <backspace>
o n C-h f <return> C-x o C-x b <return> C-SPC M-{ C-n
M-| ~ / d e v e l / d e v 3 / d e c o d e l <tab> <return>
C-x b C-s <return> C-x C-s C-x b <return> C-x C-x M-|
M-p <return> C-x o M-> C-x o C-x b <return> <return>
C - x SPC 0 SPC C-h C-g C-x 2 C-h k C-x 0 C-x o C-x
o d e l e t e - i <backspace> w i n d o w C-x C-s C-h
k C-x M-< C-h k C-x s C-h k <M-right> <return> < M
- R i g h t > S-SPC f o r w r <backspace> a r d - w
o r d <return> < M - S - R i g h t > C-h k <M-S-right>
SPC f o r w a r d - w o r d C-x C-s C-x b C-g C-x o
C-x o C-r C-g C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-SPC C-p C-SPC C-p
M-w C-x o C-x o C-x b <return> C-v C-v C-v C-v C-v
C-v C-v C-v C-v M-v C-p C-p C-y C-p C-> C-x C-s C-h
l
<down> <right> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down>
<down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down>
<down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down>
<down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down> <down>
<down> C-p M-v C-v C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-p C-SPC C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-e C-x r k C-p C-p C-p C-p
C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p
C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p C-p
C-p C-l C-p M-{ C-n C-e SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC
SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC C-x r y C-x C--
M-{ C-l C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-l C-/ C-p SPC SPC
SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC
SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC
SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC
SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC
SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC SPC C-x r y
M-b M-b M-b M-b M-b M-b M-b C-s C-w C-w M-b M-b C-b
C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b
C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-b C-k C-p C-k
C-p C-k C-p C-k C-p C-k C-p C-k C-p C-k C-p C-k C-/
C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/
C-/ C-/ C-/ C-/ C-p C-/ C-v C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n C-n
M-} C-SPC M-} C-w C-h l
Some notes on most common command frequencies. Out of 9014 of the commands recorded above and successfully decoded by a janky unreliable script, these 21 account for 90% of the commands:
5632 5632 self-insert-command (e.g., d)
321 5953 next-line (e.g., C-n)
297 6250 other-window (e.g., C-x o)
242 6492 newline (e.g., <return>)
216 6708 delete-backward-char (e.g., <backspace>)
210 6918 previous-line (e.g., C-p)
162 7080 save-buffer (e.g., C-x C-s)
112 7192 scroll-up (e.g., C-v)
112 7304 forward-word (e.g., M-f)
101 7405 scroll-down (e.g., M-v)
98 7503 isearch-backward (e.g., C-r)
90 7593 describe-key (e.g., C-h k)
71 7664 backward-kill-word (e.g., <M-backspace>)
68 7732 previous-history-element (e.g., M-p)
67 7799 indent-for-tab-command (e.g., <tab>)
62 7861 backward-word (e.g., M-b)
59 7920 end-of-line (e.g., C-e)
56 7976 forward-paragraph (e.g., M-})
56 8032 exchange-point-and-mark (e.g., C-x C-x)
55 8087 set-mark-command (e.g., C-SPC)
54 8141 keyboard-quit (e.g., C-g)
Although this is the majority of my keystrokes, and having just these implemented would make something “feel like an Emacs”, this obviously isn’t everything essential; it's missing such basics as forward-char, find-file, yank, kill-ring-save (the new copy-region-as-kill), eval-expression, and execute-extended-command. The next 9% (90% of the remainder) are accounted for by the following 29 commands:
49 8190 forward-char (e.g., C-f)
48 8238 delete-char (e.g., C-d)
46 8284 yank (e.g., C-y)
45 8329 open-line (e.g., C-o)
45 8374 view-lossage (e.g., C-h l)
44 8418 backward-paragraph (e.g., M-{)
43 8461 dabbrev-expand (e.g., M-/)
41 8502 iswitchb-buffer (e.g., C-x b)
41 8543 kill-ring-save (e.g., M-w)
40 8583 fill-paragraph (e.g., M-q)
37 8620 end-of-buffer (e.g., M->)
33 8653 indent-rigidly-4 (e.g., C->)
30 8683 kill-line (e.g., C-k)
29 8712 move-beginning-of-line (e.g., C-a)
24 8736 kill-word (e.g., M-d)
21 8757 ??? (e.g., <M-S-right>)
21 8778 recenter-top-bottom (e.g., C-l)
20 8798 isearch-forward (e.g., C-s)
16 8814 backward-char (e.g., C-b)
15 8829 describe-function (e.g., C-h f)
15 8844 delete-other-windows (e.g., C-x 1)
14 8858 scroll-other-window (e.g., C-M-v)
14 8872 beginning-of-buffer (e.g., M-<)
12 8884 kmacro-end-or-call-macro (e.g., <f4>)
10 8894 execute-extended-command (e.g., M-x)
10 8904 undo (e.g., C-/)
9 8913 smart-apostrophe (e.g., M-')
8 8921 split-window-vertically (e.g., C-x 2)
8 8929 delete-indentation (e.g., M-^)
So if I had those commands implemented, if my current editing session were typical (which it probably isn’t), I would run into a missing stair about once out of every 100 keystrokes, probably a couple of times a minute; still enough to break the spell of suspension of disbelief, but close to usable. The remaining 24 commands, though, include some very significant ones:
7 8936 universal-argument (e.g., C-u)
7 8943 find-file (e.g., C-x C-f)
6 8949 comint-interrupt-subjob (e.g., C-c C-c)
6 8955 smartquote (e.g., M-")
6 8961 insert-parentheses (e.g., M-()
5 8966 comint-previous-prompt (e.g., C-c C-p)
5 8971 shell-command-on-region (e.g., M-|)
5 8976 next-history-element (e.g., M-n)
4 8980 kmacro-start-macro-or-insert-counter (e.g., <f3>)
3 8983 eval-expression (e.g., M-:)
3 8986 comint-send-eof (e.g., C-c C-d)
3 8989 mark-sexp (e.g., C-M-S-SPC)
3 8992 digit-argument (e.g., M-0)
3 8995 split-window-horizontally (e.g., C-x 3)
2 8997 magit-status (e.g., C-x g)
2 8999 delete-window (e.g., C-x 0)
2 9001 query-replace (e.g., M-%)
2 9003 eval-last-sexp (e.g., C-x C-e)
2 9005 kill-buffer (e.g., C-x k)
2 9007 kill-region (e.g., C-w)
2 9009 shell (e.g., M-o)
2 9011 text-scale-adjust (e.g., C-x C-=)
2 9013 count-lines-region (e.g., M-=)
1 9014 downcase-word (e.g., M-l)
My notes on QEmacs from Dercuano noted the things I missed from Emacs in QEmacs: M-^, M-;, C-k appending properly, M-q leaving you in place, redisplay that isn’t visibly slow (!), M-/, control-backspace, command-granularity undo, and prefix arguments. Also some things I used that did work: goto-line and yank-pop, say. I was astonished that with only 88 commands it managed to be pretty usable, but it seems like if I implemented my most used Emacs commands instead of Bellard’s, the set to get to comfort would be even smaller, less than 75.
I used this table of 99 keybindings to generate the above:
<M-Right> forward-word
<M-S-Right> forward-word
<M-backspace> backward-kill-word
<S-backspace> delete-backward-char
<S-down> next-line
<S-up> previous-line
<backspace> delete-backward-char
<down> next-line
<f3> kmacro-start-macro-or-insert-counter
<f4> kmacro-end-or-call-macro
<next> scroll-up
<prior> scroll-down
<return> newline
<tab> indent-for-tab-command
<up> previous-line
C-/ undo
C-0 digit-argument
C-1 digit-argument
C-2 digit-argument
C-3 digit-argument
C-4 digit-argument
C-5 digit-argument
C-6 digit-argument
C-7 digit-argument
C-8 digit-argument
C-9 digit-argument
C-> indent-rigidly-4
C-M-S-SPC mark-sexp
C-M-SPC mark-sexp
C-M-v scroll-other-window
C-SPC set-mark-command
C-a move-beginning-of-line
C-b backward-char
C-c C-c comint-interrupt-subjob
C-c C-d comint-send-eof
C-c C-p comint-previous-prompt
C-d delete-char
C-e end-of-line
C-f forward-char
C-g keyboard-quit
C-h f describe-function
C-h k describe-key
C-h l view-lossage
C-k kill-line
C-l recenter-top-bottom
C-n next-line
C-o open-line
C-p previous-line
C-r isearch-backward
C-s isearch-forward
C-u universal-argument
C-v scroll-up
C-w kill-region
C-x 0 delete-window
C-x 1 delete-other-windows
C-x 2 split-window-vertically
C-x 3 split-window-horizontally
C-x C-= text-scale-adjust
C-x C-e eval-last-sexp
C-x C-f find-file
C-x C-s save-buffer
C-x C-x exchange-point-and-mark
C-x b iswitchb-buffer
C-x g magit-status
C-x k kill-buffer
C-x o other-window
C-y yank
M-" smartquote
M-% query-replace
M-' smart-apostrophe
M-( insert-parentheses
M-/ dabbrev-expand
M-0 digit-argument
M-1 digit-argument
M-2 digit-argument
M-3 digit-argument
M-4 digit-argument
M-5 digit-argument
M-6 digit-argument
M-7 digit-argument
M-8 digit-argument
M-9 digit-argument
M-: eval-expression
M-< beginning-of-buffer
M-= count-lines-region
M-> end-of-buffer
M-^ delete-indentation
M-b backward-word
M-d kill-word
M-f forward-word
M-l downcase-word
M-n next-history-element
M-o shell
M-p previous-history-element
M-q fill-paragraph
M-v scroll-down
M-w kill-ring-save
M-x execute-extended-command
M-{ backward-paragraph
M-| shell-command-on-region
M-} forward-paragraph
S-SPC self-insert-command
SPC self-insert-command
Notice that 20 of these 99 are just digit-argument. I supplemented these with self-insert-command bindings for printable ASCII.
indent-rigidly-4, smartquote, and smart-apostrophe are little commands I wrote that I often find useful.
Worth noting is that GNU Emacs implements most of these commands in Elisp, with a few exceptions: self-insert-command, other-window, delete-backward-char, forward-word, scroll-up, end-of-line, scroll-down, delete-char, forward-char, backward-char, scroll-other-window (!?), delete-other-windows, execute-exptended-command, kill-buffer, and downcase-word (!?). Some of them, like recenter-top-bottom, are thin Lisp veneers on top of primitive functions such as recenter.
The Emacs way of handling windows from the keyboard is totally broken. With two windows on the screen it’s fine. Three is awkward. Four is unusable. In the above lossage there are strings of up to six other-window commands in a row. Any number of better alternatives for window switching have been invented: Win16 LRU alt-tab; screen/tmux numbering of windows; irssi numbering of windows with alt-1/alt-2/alt-3 etc. to switch between them and alt-a to jump to the window that’s demanding attention; modifier keys which make the arrow keys move you between windows (Hovav Shacham’s windmove from 1998, inspired by Julian Assange’s change-windows-intuitively, uses shift by default, conflicting with cua-mode shift-selection and some org-mode bindings); iswitchb’s/icomplete’s/ido’s LRU list of buffers with typeahead filtering; Win16 MDI ctrl-tab/ctrl-f4; etc. Emacs itself has accreted ace-window (apparently this involves assigning numbers to all the windows so you can type C-x o 3, and there are other characters for things like deleting windows, splitting windows, maximizing windows, etc.), dimitri/switch-window (same), etc.
Spacemacs uses SPC 1, SPC 2, etc., to switch to windows 1, 2, etc, and has window-manipulation commands on SPC w.
There’s a thing called Ace Jump which lets you jump to text by typing it, even if it’s in another window, sort of like moving by incremental search.
A different problem is that many built-in Emacs commands, being
designed for two windows or less, happily replace your window
contents with their own, although in some cases you can appease
them by offering them a sacrificial window. There’s a whole
ecosystem around the display-buffer command that attempts to make
this less frequently annoying.
I think this is a symptom of a broken user interface design. I’m not sure what the right design is; maybe something where opening new things opens new windows by default, which you can then maximize and unmaximize, or close, or resize. I wonder if the Cedar/Oberon design with the display divided into vertical “tracks” each divided into horizontal “windows” might provide simpler and more predictable behavior than the Smalltalk-style overlapping windows.